Bibliographies+and+Referencing+Your+Work

=All About Referencing Your Work (Bibliographies etc.)= The following information comes from Massey University's OWL website.

APA reference list
(APA is a referencing format created by the American Psychological Association. It is the most common referencing style used at Massey University.)

This page describes reference lists in APA: New to referencing? See the [|introduction to referencing] below: What is referencing? Academic writing relies on more than just the ideas and experience of one author. It also uses the ideas and research of other sources: books, journal articles, websites, and so forth. These other sources may be used to support the author's ideas, or the author may be discussing, analysing, or critiquing other sources. Referencing is used to tell the reader where ideas from other sources have been used in an assignment. There are many reasons why it is important to reference sources correctly: (For a detailed discussion, see [|why reference?] ) Failure to properly acknowledge sources is called [|plagiarism], and it can carry significant academic penalties. Fortunately, plagiarism is easy to avoid by following a few basic principles. What needs to be referenced? Whenever an assignment uses words, facts, ideas, theories, or interpretations from other sources, that source must be referenced. Referencing is needed when: The only exception to this is when the information is [|common knowledge], which is something that anyone is likely to know. If you are uncertain whether to reference something or not, it is better to reference it. Citations and references There are two elements used in referencing: The citation contains only enough information for the reader to find the source in the reference list. Usually, this is the name of the source's author and the year the source was published. For example: When testing the usability of a website, it is necessary to gather demographic information about the users (Lazar, 2006). In this example, “(Lazar, 2006)” tells the reader that this information has come from a source written by Lazar, which was published in 2006. This is a signpost, pointing the reader to the reference list. The reference list is a list of all the sources used (and cited) in an assignment. It is usually alphabetised according to the names of the authors. Each entry in the reference list contains detailed information about one source. This can include the author's name, the year of publication, the title of the source, and other publication details. For example: References Durie, M. (2003). //Ngā kāhui pou: Launching Māori futures//. Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Publishers. Hazledine, T., & Quiggan, J. (2006). Public policy in Australia and New Zealand: The new global context. //Australian Journal of Political Science, 41//(2), 131–143. Lazar, J. (2006). //Web usability: A user-centered design approach//. Boston, MA: Pearson Addison Wesley. Ministry for Primary Industries. (2012). //Rural communities//. Retrieved from [] If they wanted to, a reader could use this information to find these sources in a library or online. Referencing styles Referencing is a formal system: there are rules and standards to follow when formatting citations and references. Many students find referencing quite intimidating at first. Like any skill, it takes time and patience to learn. The examples above use [|APA style], a format created by the American Psychological Association. It is the most common referencing style used at Massey University. Other styles include [|MLA style], [|Oxford style] , [|Harvard style] , and [|Chicago style] .These styles are subtly different, and different colleges and departments may ask you to use different styles. Oxford style, for example, uses footnotes instead of in-text citations, and a bibliography instead of a reference list. For more about the different referencing styles used at Massey University, see [|referencing styles]. [] =Reference list vs. bibliography = Reference lists (in [|MLA style] called “lists of works cited”) contain a complete list of all the sources (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) that you have cited directly in a document. That means that if there are [|in-text citations] for a source there is a reference list entry, and vice versa. Bibliographies, on the other hand, contain all sources that you have used, whether they are directly cited or not. A bibliography includes sources that you have used to generate ideas or ‘read around’ a topic, but have not referred to directly in the body of the document.
 * • The reference list
 * • List format
 * • Author
 * • Year of publication
 * • Title
 * • Publication information
 * • Order of entries
 * • Entries with the same author(s) and year of publication
 * • It shows the reader that you can find and use sources to create a solid argument
 * • It properly credits the originators of ideas, theories, and research findings
 * • It shows the reader how your argument relates to the big picture
 * • You have copied words from a book, article, or other source exactly ( [|quotation] )
 * • You have used an idea or fact from an outside source, even if you haven't used their exact wording ( [|paraphrasing and summarising] )
 * • A citation inside the body of the assignment
 * • An entry in a reference list or bibliography at the end of the assignment

Which to use
For most assignments at Massey University, you will be expected to provide only a reference list. If you have used any source in your assignment you are expected to say where you have used it by citing it directly. Some assignments may require a reference list **and** a bibliography, or a bibliography in place of a reference list. If this is the case, you will be instructed to in your course materials. Some referencing styles (for example, [|Oxford style] ) always use a bibliography in place of a reference list. Some lecturers may use the term “bibliography” to mean a reference list, so if there is any uncertainty it's best to ask your lecturer.